Suchergebnisse

Abstract
Globalization is a process often identified with the economic integration of countries, the creation of a single market while neglecting other aspects of globalization. Besides its economic dimension, The KOF index of globalization includes the social and political dimensions. One of the questions is how the countries manage to strengthen their competitive position in the international market in the age of globalization. Is it challenging to maintain a stable competitive position in the conditions of greater connection of countries and in what form? For this reason, the paper deals with the change of the Global Competitiveness Index, a renowned measure of the competitiveness of national economies according to the methodology of the World Economic Forum, under the influence of increased economic globalization of Southeast European countries. It also estimates the impact of globalization, or its economic, social and political dimension on the economic growth of Southeast European countries, which is one of the requirements for successful positioning on the international economic scene.

The paper deals with the analysis of Serbian export competitiveness in regards to the EU market in the period between 2012 and 2021, using the location quotient and dynamic shift-share analysis, which breaks down changes in exports into three components: the national, the industrial, and the regional component. The results show that EU countries are suitable destinations for Serbian products. Also, products from several Serbian sectors are attractive in the European market. The location quotient shows that the most important export destinations are Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, and Slovenia. The dynamic shift-share analysis results show that there was an increase in the competitiveness of Serbian exports to the European Union market in the observed period, mostly thanks to the national component. The regional component is expressed in some countries, such as Poland and Hungary, while the industrial component is the least represented.

Current global sustainable development dilemmas imply efficient and effective dealing with complex phenomena in process of local territorial development governance. Climatically responsive planning actually focuses on the complex and dynamic, integral, meta phenomena being driven by the interaction of the environment, economy and society. Wide range of issues should be taken into consideration in process of local strategic thinking - from climate change adaptation strategies and actions to the socioeconomic regional positioning. In developing and transitional countries, such as Serbia, this is a big challenge for local authorities and governing institutions. Even if there is national political and strategic determination and local understanding of importance of territorial cohesion, there is usually lack of human knowledge and institutional capacity to perform and act within aggravating circumstances of overlapping problems and insufficient assets. Since the potential risk situations are more and more pronounced, local communities face a challenge of changing toward different collective action, short-term efficient as well as long-term effective. That means transformation, evolution of local human systems structures and building the capacities of all local urban-rural subsystems to strengthen resiliency to the global dynamics. The success of local planning and management process, is directly dependent on the quality of the collective knowledge on which it relies. Experience has shown that the traditional quantitative approaches to inform planning do not provide sufficient quality of reality cognition necessary to formulate effective collective actions. Therefore, there is a need for an compass, an efficient instrument to integrate and structure complex cognitive dynamics both in quantitative and qualitative way. Starting from the assumption that Integral theory AQAL model to comprehend the complexity of reality could support and improve local collective cognitive process we performed several case studies with aim to identify how this new methodological approach could change and deepen planning collective perspective in Serbian local communities enabling immediate and more prominent effective actions.

Urban regeneration and economic development in the context of competitive global markets and impacts to Serbian cities represent challenges calling for new responses for transformative action in urban governance. Policy-makers understanding of that relation may contribute to suitable use of policy instruments for creating good business environment in cites. Business improvement districts (BIDs) represent possible model used as a management instrument for fostering local economic development, city promotion and improving the quality of urban public space and life. The paper presents theoretical approaches of policy instruments use and sets recommendations for management of BIDs based on two cases of city center's regeneration in Serbia. We argue that for BIDs to be a useful model for city center's regeneration, an appropriate use and combination of regulatory, economic and informational management instruments is necessary. ; Urbana regeneracija i ekonomski razvoj predstavljaju izazove neophodne za transformativne akcije u urbanom upravljanju u kontekstu globalnog konkurentnog tržišta i uticaja na srpske gradove. Razumevanje tih odnosa može doprineti kreatorima politika odgovarajuću upotrebu instrumenata politika za stvaranje dobre poslovne klime u gradovima. Zone unapređenog poslovanja predstavljaju mogući model koji se koristi kao menadžment instrument za podsticanje ekonomskog razvoja, promociju grada i poboljšanje kvaliteta urbanog javnog prostora i života. Rad prikazuje teorijske pristupe upotrebe instrumenata politika i daje preporuke za menadžment zona unapređenog poslovanja zasnovane na dva slučaja regeneracije gradskih centara u Srbiji. Kako bi zone unapređenog poslovanja bile koristan model za regeneraciju gradskih centara smatramo da je neophodna odgovarajuća upotreba i kombinacija regulatornih, ekonomskih i informacionih instrumenata menadžmenta.

In the last twenty-five years world cities are using strategic urban projects in the global competition to attract investment and international companies in the promotion of the city as a place for enhanced quality of life. Sometimes these projects trigger the creation of new urban policies that have wider economic and social importance for the cities, but often they are an instrument of implementation of already developed strategies. Additionally, strategic urban projects challenge, and frequently break up conventional planning models of the development of cities through comprehensive urban plans as the only instrument of governance. New models, methods and instruments for transformative action in urban governance, planning and management are needed, which take into consideration both the logic and functioning of property markets on the global competitive level and sustainable, economic and social impacts and benefits for the locality where they originate. We will present the urban management model in the implementation of strategic urban projects on the initiated case of Belgrade waterfront project. We argue that beside many similarities with worldwide cases in the process of planning and management in the realization of strategic projects, namely the private sector initiative, the Serbian case illustrates strong entrepreneurial direction of the public sector, namely the state itself. We also argue based on our methodology and research, in spite of collaborative theorists and practitioners, that it is not necessary to involve general public at large in the participatory process, but instead to focus on fair and just outcomes in the planning and management of such large scale projects, as well as obtaining a broader social support. Practical implications of this research in Serbian context are in the introduction of new models, approaches and instruments at the local government level for responsible, effective, and efficient planning and management of its territory, along with representatives of the private sector and the civil society.

Today, at the beginning of the 21st century, ecology is not "only" a science or a rationale for "green" philosophies and political actions. Due to global recognition of environmental crisis, and the role that cities play in it, ecologically sound urban development became institutionalized. "Ecology" becomes a buzzword for urban development and "re-imaging" the cities in competition for new inhabitants and investments. It starts to be interpreted as a new planning and design ideology. Being a place where urban and natural systems meet and interact, public open spaces are important both as a reflection of environmental problems and as a part of their solution. Besides their ecological importance, public open spaces have various roles in urban life and are constituents of urban identity. As well, as a social scene, they are places of special importance for the social and cultural interaction and integration. This multifaceted nature of public space keeps open the debate on the quality of public space, and the role that ecology should play it their planning and design. This paper aims to contribute to the debate by using case study methodology to explore the ways in which ecology conceptually relates to public open space planning and design and by critically evaluating material consequences of this relations. We argue that the way the meaning and content of ecology is conceptualized, shapes the way it is integrated in planning and design theory, which consequently, shape our urban environment. Since ecology as a science evolves over time, it is important to keep its relation to planning and design open for new interpretations. Therefore, ecology should not be integrated to public space planning and design as a "solution" but as a way of approaching public space quality problems. Interpreted in that way, integration of ecology to planning and design theory opens up the space for creative practice.

Recent legislative changes in Serbia, directed toward European integration, established basic framework for implementing the Egovernment management concept in municipalities of Serbia. In spite of the fact that there are significant ICT potentials (available technological solutions and personal expert knowledge), there is no awareness among the local governmental structures of benefits that this model can provide. So there is no strategy or programs for ICT central and municipality development. New Low on planning and construction initiated a production of numerous local municipality Spatial and Master development plans. One of these is Spatial and Master plan of municipality of Loznica, which is managed and performed by the team from Faculty of Architecture University of Belgrade. Since there are no actual obstacles for ICT governmental development, except lack of political willingness and determination, we recognized actual circumstances and our work on this plan as a grate challenge in sense of finding a "side" way for ICT implementation in municipal governmental work. This paper, at the beginning, will present our ICT local development plan and methodological concept of its implementation in governmental and local public structures (except in Loznica we also started with its implementation in more municipalities). In the next chapter the practical results will be presented along with analytical reviews of collected experience. After a first working year we can conclude that we successfully managed to make a first major step in municipality ICT development. We succeeded to get very positive reactions of all governmental and public structures. The planning process become publicly acceptable and transparent. On the achieved results base we made a new action plan for next working period. We hope that after finishing those pilot actions we will be able to produce a practical guidebook for ICT development of municipalities in Serbia under the local actual conditions. This can be one way to ensure more intensive decentralized local development and to increase local initiatives to the central governmental levels towards implementation of E-government management concept.

Adaptation to climate change is a challenge that all countries and cities are facing. Open space is an important action area in local adaptation policies, due to vulnerability and potential response to various climate-related problems. Various practical, fragmented open space design approaches were recently introduced in different areas of climate sensitive action, but theoretical basis for adapting cities to climate change is still missing. Starting with premise that fragmented understanding of problems generates fragmented solutions we argue that an integral approach is necessary for open space design to be a useful instrument for adapting cities to climate change. We evaluate the Integral urbanism theory in relation to the complex role that open space is supposed to have in adapting cities to climate change. Qualities of hybridity, connectivity, porosity, authenticity and vulnerability of urban open space are analyzed in three cases in relation to the three strategic areas of climate change adaptation action: flood, overheating and droughts & water management. Results imply that adaptation to climate change using instruments of open space design requires decision makers' mindset shift - from fragmentary and problem-solving way of thinking, towards an integral and proactive one. ; Prilagođavanje klimatskim promenama izazov je sa kojim se suočavaju sve zemlje i gradovi. Otvoreni prostori su važna oblast delovanja u lokalnim politikama prilagođavanja, zbog mogućih odgovora na različite probleme vezane za klimatske promene. Nedavno su uvedeni praktični, fragmentarni pristupi dizajnu otvorenih prostora u različitim oblastima osetljivim na klimatske promene, ali nedostaje teorijska osnova u prilagođavanju gradova klimatskim promenama. Polazeći od premise da fragmentarno razumevanje problema stvara fragmentarna rešenja tvrdimo da je neophodan integralni pristup kako bi dizajn otvorenih prostora bio koristan instrument prilagođavanja gradova klimatskim promenama. Proveravamo teoriju Integralnog urbanizma u odnosu na složenu ulogu koju bi otvoreni prostori trebalo da imaju u prilagođavanju gradova klimatskim promenama. Kvaliteti hibridnosti, povezivanja, poroznosti, autentičnosti i osetljivosti dizajna urbanih otvorenih prostora analizirani su u tri slučaja u odnosu na strateška područja delovanja i prilagođavanja klimatskim promenama: poplavama, pregrevanju i sušama i upravljanju vodama. Rezultati ukazuju da prilagođavanje klimatskim promenama upotrebom instrumenata dizajna otvorenih prostora zahteva promenu svesti donosioca odluka - od fragmentarnog načina razmišljanja orijentisanog na rešavanje problema, ka proaktivnom i integralnom pristupu.

Hearing impairment, which belongs to the group of sensory impairments, represents a permanent lowered sensitivity to sound which can have a wide range of consequences on children's life. Complete and adequate inclusion of children with hearing impairments in the educational system requires a reconsideration of the traditional approach and a reorganization of the whole teaching process. The concept of an inclusive education requires providing support and the quality of education for every pupil, regardless of their impairments or disabilities, i.e. differences from the majority of pupils. For the purpose of movement towards these goals, this article discusses some important aspects of inclusion of pupils with hearing impairment by literature review, starting from their physical and psychological characteristics. The role of the teacher and the social environment is examined, and certain technical and pedagogical recommendations are made in working with these children.

This study was designed to characterize the phenolic profile and evaluate the antibacterial, antimutagenic and antitumor activities of Veronica urticifolia Jacq. methanolic extract. HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids and phenylethanoids, with acteoside as the main component (14.9 mg/g of extract). Antibacterial effect was determined using the microbroth dilution assay and Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive strain (MIC and MBC = 7.5 mg/mL). Antimutagenic activity was evaluated by Ames mutagenicity assay. At 1 mg/plate, the tested extract afforded high protection against the mutagenicity of nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) to Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 (inhibition rate 48.3%). Antitumor activity was screened in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) model. Pretreatment with 2 mg/kg body weight showed statistically significant decrease in tumor cell viability, while ascites volume and tumor cell count became slightly decreased, but not to a statistically significant extent. Above results indicate that V. urticifolia deserves further research into chemoprevention. ; Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia for financial support, project number 173015. The authors are grateful to Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to CIMO (strategic project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011). J.C.M. Barreira thanks FCT, POPH-QREN and FSE for his grant (SFRH/BPD/72802/2010). The GIP-USAL is financially supported by the Spanish Government through the Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme (FUN-C-FOOD, CSD2007-00063) and project ref. BFU2012-35228

Neuroprotective potential of V. teucrium and V. jacquinii methanol extracts was analyzed. Chemical analysis of investigated extracts showed the presence of phenolic acid derivatives, flavonoids and one secoiridoid. The detected flavonoids derived from flavones (luteolin and isoscutellarein in V. jacquinii; apigenin, isoscutellarein and luteolin in V. teucrium) and flavonol (quercetin in V. jacquinii). Acteoside was the dominant compound in V. jacquinii, while plantamajoside and isoscutellarein 7-O-(6‴-O-acetyl)-ß-allosyl (1‴?2‴)-ß-glucoside were the major phenolics in V. teucrium. Additionally, the antineurodegenerative activity was tested at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 µg/ml using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and tyrosinase (TYR) assays. The inhibition of both enzymes was achieved with the investigated extracts, ranging from 22.78 to 35.40% for AChE and from 9.57 to 16.38% for TYR. There was no statistical difference between the activities of the analyzed extracts. Our data indicate that V. teucrium and V. jacquinii may have beneficial effects against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. ; The authors are grateful to Fundac ~ao para a Ci^encia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to CIMO (strategic project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011). J. C. M. Barreira and M. I. Dias thank FCT, POPH-QREN, and FSE for their grants (SFRH/BPD/72802/2010 and SFRH/BD/84485/2012, respectively). The GIP-USAL is financially supported by the Spanish Government through the project AGL2015-64522-C2-2-R. The authors are also grateful to the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development for financial support (Grant Numbers 173032, 173029, and 46013). ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion